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Caroline Sturdy Colls
Caroline Sturdy Colls (born 1980) is a lecturer in forensic investigation at Staffordshire University specializing in identification of human remains, forensic archaeology and crime scene investigation. She serves as Research Lead for the Centre of Archaeology there, but also undertakes consultancy for the UK Police forces. Her main area of interest is the methodology of investigation into the Holocaust and genocide murder sites with special consideration given to ethical and religious norms associated with the prohibition of excavating a grave.〔〔Channel 5 (27 November 2013), ( Treblinka: Inside Hitler's Secret Death Camp ) ''Episodes.'' Channel 5 Broadcasting.〕〔Andy Tootell (23 January 2012), ( Treblinka: searching for the Holocaust's hidden graves. ) ''Ideas Lab Predictor Podcast'', the University of Birmingham.〕〔Goldsmiths' Centre for Research (28 February 2014), ( Gone but not forgotten: Archaeological approaches to the site of the former Treblinka Extermination Camp. ) ''Centre for Research Architecture'' (with biographical note).〕
Sturdy Colls graduated from the University of Birmingham in 2007 with a BA(Hons) in Archaeology and Ancient History, and with the MPhil in Archaeological Practice in 2008. In 2012 she completed her PhD thesis in Archaeology and Antiquity at the University of Birmingham, titled ''"Holocaust Archaeology: Archaeological Approaches to Landscapes of Nazi Genocide and Persecution".'' She is the author of numerous scientific publications, lectures and selected books on the subject,〔Caroline Sturdy Colls, ( Holocaust Archaeology: Archaeological Approaches to Landscapes of Nazi Genocide and Persecution. ) (PDF, direct download) ''Journal of Conflict Archaeology,'' Vol. 7 No. 2, May, 2012, 70–104.〕〔Centre of Archeology (27 January 2014), ('Finding Treblinka: Archaeological Investigations at Treblinka Extermination and Labour Camps' by Dr Caroline Sturdy Colls. ) ''Public Lecture Series.'' Staffordshire University, (Book launch. )〕 not to mention TV interviews and documentaries.〔Alan Boyle (29 March 2014), ( Archaeologists Delicately Dig Up Nazi Death Camp Secrets at Treblinka. ) NBC News〕
==Archaeological studies==
A team of archeologists led by Sturdy Colls appeared in the Smithsonian film made for television about the most recent excavations on the grounds of the Treblinka extermination camp Museum, leading to the discovery of several floor tiles made by Dziewulski & Lange ceramic factory, and used in the lining of the gas chambers. Approval for a limited archaeological study was issued for the first time in 2010 to a British team from Staffordshire using non-invasive technology and Lidar remote sensing notably, because neither the authorities nor the Jewish religious leaders in Poland allowed excavations at the camp out of respect for the dead. Sturdy Colls analyzed soil resistance at the site with ground-penetrating radar. Features that appeared to be structural were found, two of which were thought to be the remains of the gas chambers, and therefore the study was allowed to continue.
The archaeological team discovered three new mass graves. At the site of the previously unknown foundations several yellow tiles were unearthed, pressed with a symbol D✡L resembling a “Star of David”. The logo was soon identified as the pierced mullet star belonging to the Polish ceramics factory from Opoczno founded by Jan Dziewulski and brothers Józef and Władysław Lange. It was therefore not the Star of David as reported by the Israeli Ynet News service which made the announcement. Nevertheless, the tiles located by the ground-penetrating radar provided first physical evidence of the existence of the gas chambers in Camp Two.〔〔
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